ABSTRACT
@#Objective To explore the risk factors for lymph node metastasis in patients with T2 stage non-small cell lung cancer. Methods The clinical data of 271 patients with non-small cell lung cancer who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital from 2014 to 2017 were collected, including 179 males and 92 females, with an average age of 62.73±0.58 years. The patients were divided into N0, N1, and N2 groups according to the lymph node metastasis status. The clinical data of the patients in different groups were compared. Results The body mass index (BMI, P=0.043), preoperative lymph node enlargement (P<0.001), and tumor diameter (P<0.001) were significantly different among groups. The BMI (OR=1.131, 95%CI 1.001-1.277, P=0.048) and preoperative lymph node enlargement (OR=3.498, 95%CI 1.666-7.342, P=0.001) were independent risk factors for N2 lymph node metastasis, and tumor diameter was an independent risk factor for both N1 (OR=1.538, 95%CI 1.067-2.218, P=0.021) and N2 (OR=1.814, 95%CI 1.196-2.752, P=0.005) lymph node metastasis. Conclusion Patients with high BMI or enlarged lymph nodes before surgery have a high risk for N2 lymph node metastasis, and those with large tumor diameter have a high risk for both N1 and N2 lymph node metastasis.
ABSTRACT
@#Surgery is an essential method of comprehensive treatment for lung cancer, but it also impairs patients’ cardiopulmonary function. A subset of patients who undergo surgery may suffer from postoperative complications, and even death. Preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation is a part of enhanced recovery after surgery, and can improve patients' cardiopulmonary function, reduce postoperative complication rate and shorten hospital stay. It has been already demonstrated a great value in lung cancer surgery. In this review, we summarized the three important components of preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation, including smoking cessation, chest physical therapy, and preoperative exercise training. Moreover, this review outlined the development of pulmonary rehabilitation for lung malignancies, aiming to promote its application and standardization.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a nude mouse model of orthotopic engineered gastric tumor for in vivo fluorescence imaging studies.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>An engineered gastric tumor was constructed in vitro using collagen as the scaffold and the human gastric cancer cell line BGC823-EGFP cells expressing enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) as the seed cells. The engineered tumor was then implanted into the stomach of nude mice, and the tumor growth was observed with in vivo fluorescence imaging. The nude mice were sacrificed 6 weeks after the transplantation to assess the tumor growth and metastasis, and the tumor histology was evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The tumor cells in the engineered tumor model grew well in three-dimensional culture. The success rate of orthotopic gastric tumor implantation was 100% (10/10) in nude mice with metastasis in the abdominal organs. The isolated tumor mass, weighing 1.719∓0.349 g, showed a histological characteristic of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. In vivo fluorescence imaging detected EGFP-expressing tumors in the abdominal cavity of the nude mice, but not accurately.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The nude mouse model bearing orthotopic engineered gastric tumor provides a simple animal model for the study of gastric cancer, but a stronger fluorescence than green fluorescence is more desirable for more effective observation in in vivo fluorescence imaging.</p>